Hazrat Muhammad (sw.): Founder of Islam.

The Qur’an is the central scripture of Islam, believed by Muslims to be the word of God to the Prophet Muhammad (sw.). It is believed that the angel Gabriel gradually revealed it to Prophet Muhammad (sw.) over 23 years.

Birth and Childhood; Hazrat Muhammad (saw) was born on 29 August 570 in the Banu Hashim family of the Quraysh tribe of Makkah. His father Abdullah ibn Abdul Muttalib was a respected businessman, and his mother Amina bint Wahhab was an honest and courageous woman. Muhammad (sw.) lost his father at the age of six and then grew up under the guardianship of his grandfather Abdul Muttalib and Uncle Abu Talib. He was truthful, just, and compassionate from childhood.

Revelation and Prophecy:
Around the year 610, while staying in the cave of Hera, the angel Gabriel came to Prophet Muhammad (sw.) and gave him the first revelation from God. He was 40 years old then. The history of Islam begins with this revelation. Propaganda and Persecution in Mecca; Hazrat Muhammad (sw.) started preaching the message of the Oneness of God and Prophethood. However, the polytheists of Mecca blocked his preaching and began to persecute him and his followers. Yet he patiently continued preaching.

Migration to Medina:
In 622, the persecution of the Quraysh in Makkah became unbearable, and Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his followers migrated to Madinah. This event is called ‘Hijrah’ in Islamic history. A new Islamic state was established in Medina through migration.

State establishment and war in Madinah:
In Medina, Hazrat Muhammad (sw.) united all the tribes and signed an agreement called the ‘Sanad of Medina’. Through this treaty, a peaceful and just state was established in Madinah. But the Quraish of Makkah continued to try to destroy the newly established state of Medina. This led to several wars between the Muslims and the Quraish.

Conquest of Mecca:
In 629, the Muslims won a victory over the Quraysh in the ‘Battle of Badr’. Then in 630, a peace treaty was signed between the Muslims and the Quraysh through the ‘Treaty of Haydiyah’.

Muhammad (sw.) : Names and Titles – Brief Analysis Prophet Muhammad (sw.) is the founder of Islam and the most revered figure among Muslims. His name and title carry deep significance in Islamic history and culture. Classification of names and titles; Names mentioned in Quran and Hadith: Ahmad, Mahmud, Muhammad, Rasul, Nabi, Hadi, Shafi! Names described in the Holy Book: Injila (Ahmad), Torah (Ahed)! Names corresponding to Asmal Husna: Noor, Rahmat, Karim! Other names and titles: Abul Qasim, Al-Amin, Mustafa, Karimun Naibin! Name Meaning and Significance: Muhammad: Meaning “Praised”, “He who receives praise”, “He who is worthy of praise”. Ahmad: Meaning “highly praised”. Mahmud: Meaning “Praised”. The names and titles of Prophet Muhammad (sw.) reflect his qualities, dignity, and his contribution to Islam.

Quran: The Holy Book of Islam:
The Quran is the central scripture of Islam that Muslims believe is the word of God. It is believed that the angel Gabriel gradually revealed it to Prophet Muhammad over 23 years. The Qur’an carries the guidance and words of Allah for Muslims to live by. Origin of the Quran; Muslims believe that the Qur’an is the word of God revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel. These sayings were memorized by Muhammad and written down by his companions. The current version of the Quran was compiled in the seventh century and has remained unchanged since then.

Importance of the Quran:
The Quran is the central text of Islam and governs all aspects of Muslim life. It contains Allah’s laws, ethics, and guidelines for living for Muslims. The Qur’an helps Muslims establish a relationship with God and base their lives on justice and principles. Various topics are discussed in the Quran, including the Oneness of Allah and His Attributes, Prophets and their sayings, Hereafter and Day of Judgment, Morals and Ethics, Laws and Regulations, History and Stories, Advice and Guidance! The Quran is the most translated religious book in the world. It has been translated into almost all languages. However, Muslims believe that the original Arabic meaning of the Qur’an is the most accurate and that translations are only helpful in understanding the meaning of the original text.

Muhammad (PBUH): Genealogy and Genealogy:
The family and lineage of Prophet Muhammad (sw.) play an important role in the history and culture of Islam.
Well-known genealogy: According to popular Islamic belief, Prophet Muhammad (sw.) is a descendant of Ismail (sw.), the eldest son of Prophet Ibrahim (sw.). His lineage extends back to the Adnani tribe and more specifically to the Hashemite branch of the Quraish dynasty. The genealogy described in the hadith; According to some hadiths, Muhammad (sw.) traces his lineage directly to Ibrahim (phub). According to this hadith, Allah gave Ishmael (as) from the children of Ibrahim (as), Kianah from the children of Ishmael (as), Quraysh from the progeny of Kiannah, Banu Hashim from Quraysh, and from Banu Hashim him (Muhammad (Saha)) has nominated. Traditions and Beliefs; According to tradition, when the idols were being removed from the Kaaba after the conquest of Mecca, idols of Ibrahim (a.m.) and his son Ishmael (a.m.) holding the arrow of prophecy were recovered from inside the Kaaba.

The early period of Islamic history is associated with Muhammad’s (sw.) declaration of prophethood and the attempt to establish Islam in Mecca. During this period Muslims had to face intense opposition and persecution. In 610, Muhammad (sw.) received divine revelation in the cave of Hira at the age of 40. These sayings were compiled as the Qur’an and laid the foundation of the religion of Islam. Muhammad (sw.) started preaching monotheism and strongly criticized the polytheists of Mecca.

The Early Era of Islam: Muhammad’s Call and Early Response:
initial response: At first, Muhammad’s (sw.) campaign was limited, with a few close friends and relatives accepting his call. But as his message spread, Mecca’s ruling class became increasingly concerned. They see the teachings of Muhammad (sw.) as a threat to their social and religious order. opposition and persecution; Persecution began against Muhammad (PBUH) and his followers. They face insults, boycotts, and physical abuse. Muhammad (sw.) himself escaped the assassination attempt. Emigration: In 622, Muhammad (sw.) and his followers fled from Mecca to Medina. This event is called “Hijrah” and marks the first year of the Islamic calendar. Establishment of Islam in Medina; In Medina, Muhammad (sw.) built a community of Muslims and established an Islamic state. He was able to establish peace between the different tribes of Medina and the influence of Islam began to spread. The early period of Islam was important as it laid the foundations of the religion of Islam. The steadfast faith and sacrifice of Muhammad (sw.) and his followers serve as an inspiration for future generations to fight for freedom and justice.

The period of call and resistance of Muhammad (sw.) was an important chapter in the history of Islam. During this period Muslims had to face intense persecution and persecution.